cookbook 'ssh-hardening', '= 1.0.2'
ssh-hardening
(20) Versions
1.0.2
-
Follow38
This cookbook installs and provides secure ssh and sshd configurations.
cookbook 'ssh-hardening', '= 1.0.2', :supermarket
knife supermarket install ssh-hardening
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ssh-hardening (Chef cookbook)
Description
This cookbook provides secure ssh-client and ssh-server configurations.
Requirements
- Opscode chef
Attributes
-
['network']['ipv6']['enable']
- true if IPv6 is needed -
['ssh'][{'client', 'server'}]['cbc_required']
- true if CBC for ciphers is required. This is usually only necessary, if older M2M mechanism need to communicate with SSH, that don't have any of the configured secure ciphers enabled. CBC is a weak alternative. Anything weaker should be avoided and is thus not available. -
['ssh'][{'client', 'server'}]['weak_hmac']
- true if weaker HMAC mechanisms are required. This is usually only necessary, if older M2M mechanism need to communicate with SSH, that don't have any of the configured secure HMACs enabled. -
['ssh'][{'client', 'server'}]['weak_kex']
- true if weaker Key-Exchange (KEX) mechanisms are required. This is usually only necessary, if older M2M mechanism need to communicate with SSH, that don't have any of the configured secure KEXs enabled. -
['ssh']['allow_root_with_key']
-false
to disable root login altogether. Set totrue
to allow root to login via key-based mechanism. -
['ssh']['ports']
- ports to which ssh-server should listen to and ssh-client should connect to -
['ssh']['listen_to']
- one or more ip addresses, to which ssh-server should listen to. Default is empty, but should be configured for security reasons! -
['ssh']['remote_hosts']
- one or more hosts, to which ssh-client can connect to. Default is empty, but should be configured for security reasons! -
['ssh']['allow_tcp_forwarding']
-false
to disable TCP Forwarding. Set totrue
to allow TCP Forwarding -
['ssh']['allow_agent_forwarding']
-false
to disable Agent Forwarding. Set totrue
to allow Agent Forwarding -
['ssh']['use_pam']
-false
to disable pam authentication
Data Bags
DEPRECATION WARNING: Support for managing authorized_keys for the root account will be removed from this cookbook in the next major release. Please use alternative cookbooks for that.
This cookbook used to handle authorized keys for the root user, but that support will be removed in the next major release. Use other cookbooks to set up your users.
Old behaviour:
Have users in your data_bag/users/
directory. This cookbook looks for users inside this folder with a ssh_rootkey
.
Example:
First you have to find out the ssh-key of the user you want to allow. A typical example for this is
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
If that folder doesn't exist or you don't know what this is all about, please read a SSH tutorial for your blend of operating system first.
You can now add this key to the data bag. Example for dada:
Example for data_bags/users/dada.json
{
"id" : "dada",
// ... other stuff ...
"ssh_rootkey" : "ssh-rsa AAAA....mail.com"
}
You can then access
ssh dada@yourmachines
Usage
Add the recipes to the run_list:
"recipe[ssh]"
This will install ssh-server and ssh-client. You can alternatively choose only one via:
"recipe[ssh::server]"
"recipe[ssh::client]"
Configure attributes:
"ssh" : {
"listen_to" : "10.2.3.4"
}
The default value for listen_to
is 0.0.0.0
. It is highly recommended to change the value.
Local Testing
For local testing you can use vagrant and Virtualbox of VMWare to run tests locally. You will have to install Virtualbox and Vagrant on your system. See Vagrant Downloads for a vagrant package suitable for your system. For all our tests we use test-kitchen
. If you are not familiar with test-kitchen
please have a look at their guide.
Next install test-kitchen:
# Install dependencies gem install bundler bundle install # Do lint checks bundle exec rake lint # Fetch tests bundle exec thor kitchen:fetch-remote-tests # fast test on one machine bundle exec kitchen test default-ubuntu-1204 # test on all machines bundle exec kitchen test # for development bundle exec kitchen create default-ubuntu-1204 bundle exec kitchen converge default-ubuntu-1204
For more information see test-kitchen
FAQ / Pitfalls
I can't log into my account. I have registered the client key, but it still doesn't let me it.
If you have exhausted all typical issues (firewall, network, key missing, wrong key, account disabled etc.), it may be that your account is locked. The quickest way to find out is to look at the password hash for your user:
sudo grep myuser /etc/shadow
If the hash includes an !
, your account is locked:
myuser:!:16280:7:60:7:::
The proper way to solve this is to unlock the account (passwd -u myuser
). If the user doesn't have a password, you should can unlock it via:
usermod -p "*" myuser
Alternatively, if you intend to use PAM, you enabled it via ['ssh']['use_pam'] = true
. PAM will allow locked users to get in with keys.
Why doesn't my application connect via SSH anymore?
Always look into log files first and if possible look at the negotation between client and server that is completed when connecting.
We have seen some issues in applications (based on python and ruby) that are due to their use of an outdated crypto set. This collides with this hardening module, which reduced the list of ciphers, message authentication codes (MACs) and key exchange (KEX) algorithms to a more secure selection.
If you find this isn't enough, feel free to activate the attributes cbc_requires
for ciphers, weak_hmac
for MACs and weak_kex
for KEX in the namespaces ['ssh']['client']
or ['ssh']['server']
based on where you want to support them.
Deprecation Notices
node['ssh']['cbc_required']
has been deprecated in favour ofnode['ssh']['client']['cbc_required']
andnode['ssh']['server']['cbc_required']
.node['ssh']['weak_hmac']
has been deprecated in favour ofnode['ssh']['client']['weak_hmac']
andnode['ssh']['server']['weak_hmac']
.node['ssh']['weak_kex']
has been deprecated in favour ofnode['ssh']['client']['weak_kex']
andnode['ssh']['server']['weak_kex']
.The old attributes are still supported but will be removed in the future. In case one of the legacy attributes is set, it still precedes the newly added attributes to allow for backward compatibility.
Contributors + Kudos
- Dominik Richter
- Christoph Hartmann
- Patrick Meier
- Bernhard K. Weisshuhn
This cookbook is mostly based on guides by:
- NSA: Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
- Deutsche Telekom, Group IT Security, Security Requirements (German)
Thanks to all of you!!
Contributing
See [contributor guideline](CONTRIBUTING.md).
License and Author
- Author:: Dominik Richter dominik.richter@googlemail.com
- Author:: Deutsche Telekom AG
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Dependent cookbooks
This cookbook has no specified dependencies.
Contingent cookbooks
Changelog
1.0.2
- feature: separate options for server and client configuration
- feature: add back GCM-based ciphers
- feature: remove legacy SSHv1 options
- improvement: add more spec tests
- bugfix: restart ssh service on changes
unreleased
new attributes node['ssh']['client']['cbc_required'] and node['ssh']['server']['cbc_required'] replace node['ssh']['cbc_required'], which has been deprecated.
new attributes node['ssh']['client']['weak_hmac'] and node['ssh']['server']['weak_hmac'] replace node['ssh']['weak_hmac'], which has been deprecated.
new attributes node['ssh']['client']['weak_kex'] and node['ssh']['server']['weak_kex'] replace node['ssh']['weak_kex'], which has been deprecated.
deprecated: Manging authorized_keys for root via attributes
ssh_rootkey
andssh_rootkeys
in theusers
data bag has been deprecated and emits a waning when used. Support will be removed in 2.x.
1.0.1
- feature: cipher, macs and key exchange algorithms are now correctly detected on ubuntu 12.04+14.04, centos/oracle/redhat 6.4+6.5, debian 6+7
- feature: UsePAM can now be configured. Locked accounts may not get access via SSH if UsePAM is disabled (which is the default)
- feature: AllowTcpForwarding is now configurable. It is safe to set it if the user has a login shell anyway
- improvement: introduced rubocop+foodcritic for linting. As a result, there has been a long list of cleanups and fixes to make this project looking well-rounded again
- bugfixes: incorrect crypto-configuration on red-hat based systems and debian
1.0.0
- imported ssh hardening project and updated to current version with full test suite
Foodcritic Metric
1.0.2 failed this metric
FC031: Cookbook without metadata file: /tmp/cook/b5314b0bbba45e1353eedd88/ssh-hardening/metadata.rb:1
FC045: Consider setting cookbook name in metadata: /tmp/cook/b5314b0bbba45e1353eedd88/ssh-hardening/metadata.rb:1
1.0.2 failed this metric
FC045: Consider setting cookbook name in metadata: /tmp/cook/b5314b0bbba45e1353eedd88/ssh-hardening/metadata.rb:1